{ "format": "beforeword study content map", "version": "1.1", "edition_date": "2026-09-30", "edition_status": { "ru": "Публичное исследование и предложение; языковая редакция 3.", "en": "Public study and proposal; language edition 3." }, "title": { "ru": "Слова и лишение свободы", "en": "Words and imprisonment" }, "languages": { "ru": { "url": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/", "composition": "standalone Russian article" }, "en": { "url": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/en/", "composition": "standalone English article" } }, "purpose": { "ru": "Прекращение лишения свободы за языковые сообщения, в том числе при поддержанном обвинительном прочтении.", "en": "End imprisonment for linguistic communication, including where an accusatory interpretation is supported." }, "record_kinds": { "judicial_record": { "ru": "Пересказ указанного судебного документа в обозначенном месте; не самостоятельное установление описываемого.", "en": "An account of an identified judicial document at a stated locator; not an independent establishment of the events described." }, "study_interpretation": { "ru": "Прочтение или аргумент, предложенные исследованием.", "en": "An interpretation or argument offered by the study." }, "proposed_change": { "ru": "Предлагаемое изменение допустимого ответа; не описание действующего всеобщего запрета.", "en": "A proposed change to the permitted response; not a statement of an existing universal prohibition." }, "contemporaneous_report": { "ru": "Опубликованный репортаж о судебном заседании; не официальный протокол и не газетный оригинал.", "en": "A published report from a court hearing; not an official transcript or the original newspaper." } }, "scope": { "case_groups": 14, "base_judicial_acts": 17, "additional_compliance_orders": 2, "national_settings": [ "Russia", "United States", "England and Wales", "Germany", "France", "India", "South Africa", "Argentina", "Paraguay" ], "source_register_entries": 56, "count_limits": { "ru": "Группы сравнений, судебные акты и записи источников — разные единицы. 56 записей не названы 56 независимыми документами. Корпус не измеряет мировую частоту наказаний; ЕСПЧ, Межамериканский суд и национальные рассмотрения не объединены в одну систему.", "en": "Case groups, judicial acts and source-register entries are different units. The 56 entries are not presented as 56 independent documents. The corpus does not measure worldwide punishment rates; the ECtHR, Inter-American Court and national proceedings are not treated as one legal system." } }, "review_status": { "external_legal_reviews_received": 0, "independent_human_language_reviews_received": 0, "legislative_status": "model proposal; no enactment or parliamentary introduction claimed", "empirical_limit": "No speech-offence-specific causal estimate of custody effectiveness or equal-effectiveness finding for proposed alternatives.", "reading_location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/#limits", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/en/#limits" } }, "records": [ { "id": "boundary", "kind": "study_interpretation", "statement": { "ru": "Слово не становится тем, что называет. Та же граница относится ко всем словам этого исследования и этой карты; название поля не устанавливает его содержание.", "en": "A word does not become what it names. The same boundary applies to every term in the study and this map; naming a field does not establish what it describes." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/#boundary-title", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/en/#boundary-title" }, "references": [] }, { "id": "dmitriyevskiy-record", "kind": "judicial_record", "statement": { "ru": "В английском постановлении воспроизведены публикации и пересказ экспертного вывода. Указаны два года условно с четырёхлетним испытательным сроком; ЕСПЧ установил нарушение статьи 10. Эти места не сообщают о двух годах фактически отбытого заключения.", "en": "The English judgment reproduces the publications and an account of the expert conclusion. It records a two-year suspended sentence with four years of probation and finds an Article 10 violation. These passages do not report two years actually served in prison." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_RU.html#section-1", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_EN.html#section-1" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S01", "locator": "§§7–9,21,38,118", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/docx/pdf?filename=CASE+OF+DMITRIYEVSKIY+v.+RUSSIA.pdf&id=001-177214&library=ECHR&logEvent=False" }, { "source_id": "S02", "locator": "pp 1–3", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf?filename=Judgment+Dmitriyevskiy+v.+Russia+-+conviction+of+editor+for+publication+of+statements+by+Chechen+separatist+leaders.pdf&id=003-5860550-7471728&library=ECHR" } ], "fragment": { "text": "blood will continue to flow in Chechnya and in Russia", "language": "en", "source_id": "S01", "locator": "§§7–9", "layer": "English judicial reproduction; not an independently obtained Russian newspaper original" } }, { "id": "dmitriyevskiy-comparison", "kind": "study_interpretation", "statement": { "ru": "Разбор различает описание продолжения событий, приписанное автору обещание насилия и намерение редактора. Локальное возражение к переходу первой публикации сохраняет неблагоприятный материал второй публикации; оно не заменяет целое дело одной строкой.", "en": "The analysis separates an account of continuing events, a promise of violence attributed to the author, and the editor’s intention. Its local objection concerning the first publication preserves the adverse material in the second publication; it does not reduce the whole case to one sentence." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_RU.html#section-1", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_EN.html#section-1" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S01", "locator": "§§21,105,108,113–114", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/docx/pdf?filename=CASE+OF+DMITRIYEVSKIY+v.+RUSSIA.pdf&id=001-177214&library=ECHR&logEvent=False" } ] }, { "id": "counterman-2023-record", "kind": "judicial_record", "statement": { "ru": "По решению большинства Верховного суда США для осуждения за угрозу насилием недостаточно оценки текста: требуется доказать и сознательное пренебрежение существенным риском того, что сообщение воспримут как угрозу насилием. Решение отменено, дело возвращено для дальнейшего рассмотрения. Это не оправдание и не общий запрет заключения за слова.", "en": "The US Supreme Court majority requires a subjective element in true-threat prosecutions; recklessness is sufficient. It vacates the judgment and remands. The opinion neither abolishes imprisonment for words nor establishes a final acquittal." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_RU.html#section-3", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_EN.html#section-3" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S04", "locator": "Majority Parts I–III, printed pp1–14, especially PartIII", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22-138_43j7.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "counterman-2024-record", "kind": "judicial_record", "statement": { "ru": "Апелляционный суд Колорадо признал косвенные доводы сознательного пренебрежения риском убедительными, но назначил новое рассмотрение из-за исключения доводов защиты и ошибочного напутствия присяжным. Последующий исход и фактическое отбытие наказания в этом корпусе не установлены.", "en": "The Colorado opinion recognises strong circumstantial evidence of awareness but does not treat the error as harmless, given the excluded defence and defective instruction. It orders a new trial; this corpus does not establish the later outcome or actual time served." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_RU.html#section-3", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_EN.html#section-3" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S05", "locator": "§§1,6–12,17–18", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/colorado/court-of-appeals/2024/17ca1465.html" } ] }, { "id": "counterman-comparison", "kind": "study_interpretation", "statement": { "ru": "Повторяемость контакта и неблагоприятные материалы сохранены. Новое рассмотрение не приравнено к отсутствию осознания или безвредности сообщений. Предложение отказаться от заключения сохраняется и при поддержанной обвинительной квалификации.", "en": "The comparison retains repeated contact and adverse material. A new trial is not treated as absence of awareness or harmlessness. The proposal to exclude imprisonment remains even where an accusatory interpretation is supported." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_RU.html#section-3", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/case_analysis_EN.html#section-3" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S04", "locator": "Majority Parts I–III", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22-138_43j7.pdf" }, { "source_id": "S05", "locator": "§§6–12,17–18", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/colorado/court-of-appeals/2024/17ca1465.html" } ] }, { "id": "end-custody", "kind": "proposed_change", "statement": { "ru": "Прекратить лишение свободы за создание, передачу, публикацию и повторение языковых сообщений, включая случаи поддержанной обвинительной квалификации. Обозначения «угроза», «шантаж», «обман», «действие» и нарушение предписания не создают обходного пути к заключению.", "en": "End custody for producing, transmitting, publishing and repeating linguistic communication, including cases where an accusatory interpretation is supported. Descriptions such as threat, coercion, deception, conduct or breach of an order do not create a route around the prohibition." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/#proposal", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/en/#proposal" }, "references": [], "supporting_documents": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/normative_RU.html#section-2", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/normative_EN.html#section-2" } }, { "id": "normative-reasons", "kind": "study_interpretation", "statement": { "ru": "Отказ от заключения защищается отдельным нормативным аргументом: определённый предмет ответа, возможность пересмотра, равная возможность оспаривания и цена полномочия лишать свободы. Этот вывод не выведен из одного нетождества слова и называемого.", "en": "The exclusion of custody is defended through a separate normative argument: a specified target for the response, revisability, equal opportunity to challenge and the cost of granting power to confine. Nonidentity between a word and what it names does not supply that conclusion by itself." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/normative_RU.html#section-1", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/normative_EN.html#section-1" }, "references": [] }, { "id": "residual-risk", "kind": "study_interpretation", "statement": { "ru": "Сохраняется возражение, что заключение может предотвратить повторение, которое предложенные ответы не остановят. Программа принимает такой возможный остаток риска ради выбранного предела полномочий; равная эффективность альтернатив и оптимальность предложенных сроков не установлены.", "en": "The argument retains the objection that confinement may prevent repetition that the proposed responses fail to stop. It accepts that possible residual risk as part of its limit on power; equal effectiveness of alternatives and optimality of the proposed time limits have not been established." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/normative_RU.html#section-5", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/normative_EN.html#section-5" }, "references": [] }, { "id": "model-bill", "kind": "proposed_change", "statement": { "ru": "Девять статей модельного законопроекта для Англии и Уэльса: общий запрет заключения за коммуникацию, разделение смешанных оснований, поправки к санкциям, исключение производного заключения, финансирование ответа и пересмотра, переходные правила освобождения. Это предложение; принятие или внесение законопроекта не заявлено.", "en": "A nine-clause model bill for England and Wales provides a general ban on custody for communication, treatment of mixed allegations, penalty amendments, protection against derivative custody, funded participation and review, and transitional release rules. It is a proposal; no enactment or parliamentary introduction is claimed." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/legal_proposal_RU.html", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/legal_proposal_EN.html" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S12", "locator": "s127(1), (2)(c), (3), (7); current selected revised text", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/section/127/data.xml" }, { "source_id": "S13", "locator": "s181(1)–(5); current selected revised text", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/section/181/data.xml" } ], "references_role": "Selected current provisions discussed as amendment targets, not sources of the proposed general ban." }, { "id": "limited-orders", "kind": "proposed_change", "statement": { "ru": "Предложены адресные ограничения доставки: без уведомления — до 48 часов до отдельного рассмотрения; итоговое предписание — до 30 дней, продление требует нового разбора. Предложены публичное финансирование участия и помощи, защита обычной жизни адресата и запрет превращать нарушение или неоплату в заключение.", "en": "The model proposes targeted delivery restrictions: an order without notice expires within 48 hours unless separately reviewed; a final order lasts no more than 30 days and renewal requires fresh assessment. Participation and assistance are publicly funded; ordinary activities are protected, and breach or non-payment cannot be converted into custody." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/legal_proposal_RU.html", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/legal_proposal_EN.html" }, "references": [], "document_locators": { "ru": "Разделы «Точные поправки и закрытие производных путей» и «Предлагаемые меры и их условия».", "en": "Model clauses 6–8, especially clauses 6(1)–(3) and 7(2)–(4)." } }, { "id": "literature-scope", "kind": "study_interpretation", "statement": { "ru": "Обзор основан на ограниченном систематическом поиске и целевом отборе: 12 запросов в одном поисковике, 155 видимых URL-записей, 12 включённых работ. Нет независимого второго отбора, полного многоязычного охвата или исследования сравнительной эффективности заключения именно за коммуникацию.", "en": "The review combines a bounded systematic search with purposive selection: 12 queries in one engine, 155 visible URL records and 12 included works. It has no independent second screening, comprehensive multilingual coverage or study of the comparative effectiveness of imprisonment specifically for communication." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/literature_RU.html#section-1", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/files/literature_EN.html#section-1" }, "references": [] }, { "id": "dmitriyevskiy-russian-record", "kind": "contemporaneous_report", "statement": { "ru": "Первый экран русской версии использует русскоязычную запись фразы из репортажа Елены Санниковой 2006 года. Это отдельный источник, а не обратный перевод постановления ЕСПЧ.", "en": "The Russian opening uses wording reproduced in Elena Sannikova’s 2006 courtroom report. It is a separate source, not a backtranslation of the European Court’s judgment." }, "location": { "ru": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/#reading", "en": "/research/words-and-imprisonment/en/#case-dmitriyevskiy" }, "references": [ { "source_id": "S56", "url": "https://archive.khpg.org/1138972417", "locator": "Chronicle of the trial; questioning of expert Teslenko; Dmitriyevskiy’s question about page 8 of expert report no. 697" } ] } ], "relations": [ { "from": "dmitriyevskiy-comparison", "relation": "discusses", "to": "dmitriyevskiy-record" }, { "from": "counterman-comparison", "relation": "discusses", "to": "counterman-2023-record" }, { "from": "counterman-comparison", "relation": "discusses", "to": "counterman-2024-record" }, { "from": "normative-reasons", "relation": "argues_for", "to": "end-custody" }, { "from": "boundary", "relation": "does_not_by_itself_entail", "to": "end-custody" }, { "from": "end-custody", "relation": "goes_beyond_the_holding_in", "to": "counterman-2023-record" }, { "from": "end-custody", "relation": "retains", "to": "residual-risk" }, { "from": "model-bill", "relation": "proposes_implementation_of", "to": "end-custody" }, { "from": "limited-orders", "relation": "forms_part_of", "to": "model-bill" } ], "selected_source_records": [ { "source_id": "S01", "document": "Dmitriyevskiy v Russia", "source_layer": "court judgment reproduced material", "language": "en", "document_date": "2017-10-03", "access_scope": "English judicial reproduction of the publications and reported expert conclusion. Selected passages are identified by paragraph.", "locator": "§§7–9,21,37–38,105,108,113–118", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/docx/pdf?filename=CASE+OF+DMITRIYEVSKIY+v.+RUSSIA.pdf&id=001-177214&library=ECHR&logEvent=False", "access_limit": "Russian newspaper originals and the complete linguistic expert report were not independently obtained.", "access_date": "2026-09-30" }, { "source_id": "S02", "document": "Dmitriyevskiy official press release", "source_layer": "court secretariat summary", "language": "en", "document_date": "2017-10-03", "access_scope": "Court secretariat press release, pages 1–3.", "locator": "pp 1–3", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf?filename=Judgment+Dmitriyevskiy+v.+Russia+-+conviction+of+editor+for+publication+of+statements+by+Chechen+separatist+leaders.pdf&id=003-5860550-7471728&library=ECHR", "access_limit": "Used for the sentence description; not a substitute for the judgment.", "access_date": "2026-09-30" }, { "source_id": "S04", "document": "Counterman v Colorado", "source_layer": "court-host opinion PDF; earlier FIRE reproduction", "language": "en", "document_date": "2023-06-27", "access_scope": "The majority opinion, Parts I–III and footnotes 1–7, printed pages 1–14.", "locator": "Majority Parts I–III, printed pp1–14, especially PartI footnote1 and PartIII", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22-138_43j7.pdf", "access_limit": "Original Facebook files, the post-new-trial outcome and actual execution are not established by the material used here.", "access_date": "2026-09-30" }, { "source_id": "S05", "document": "People v Counterman", "source_layer": "court opinion reproduced on Justia", "language": "en", "document_date": "2024-06-13", "access_scope": "Judicial opinion reproduced on Justia, paragraphs 1–18 and footnotes 1–4.", "locator": "Title/announcement13June2024; §§1,6–12,13–18, footnote4", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/colorado/court-of-appeals/2024/17ca1465.html", "access_limit": "Actual execution and the later retrial disposition are not established by this corpus.", "access_date": "2026-09-30" }, { "source_id": "S12", "document": "Communications Act 2003, section 127", "source_layer": "official revised provision", "language": "en", "document_date": "current selected text retrieved 2026-09-30", "access_scope": "Selected revised section and its attached annotations.", "locator": "s127(1), (2)(c), (3), (7); territorially retained repeal text at (2)(a)–(b); commencement annotations", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/section/127/data.xml", "access_limit": "This record concerns the selected provision. It is not a review of all legislation or a claim that document-level modification dates mark a change in this section. Original commencement instruments were not independently checked where the source register leaves that check unset.", "access_date": "2026-09-30" }, { "source_id": "S13", "document": "Online Safety Act 2023, section 181", "source_layer": "official revised provision", "language": "en", "document_date": "current selected text retrieved 2026-09-30", "access_scope": "Selected revised section and its attached annotations.", "locator": "s181(1)–(5); especially (5)(a),(c); commencement annotation", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/section/181/data.xml", "access_limit": "This record concerns the selected provision. It is not a review of all legislation or a claim that document-level modification dates mark a change in this section. Original commencement instruments were not independently checked where the source register leaves that check unset.", "access_date": "2026-09-30" }, { "source_id": "S56", "document": "Elena Sannikova — courtroom report on the Dmitriyevskiy trial", "source_layer": "contemporary courtroom reportage; Russian reproduction of a passage discussed in court", "language": "ru", "document_date": "2006-02-03", "access_scope": "Selected courtroom-report passage read, including the questioning of expert Teslenko about page 8 of expert report no. 697; publication heading, date and author read.", "locator": "Chronicle of the trial; questioning of expert Teslenko; Dmitriyevskiy’s question about page 8 of expert report no. 697", "url": "https://archive.khpg.org/1138972417", "access_limit": "A published courtroom report, not a newspaper facsimile, official transcript or complete expert report. 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